Bihar SSC - History Of Bihar

History of Bihar

A popular belief that Ashoka had killed his ninety-nine brothers and threw them in a well, where is that well?
Agamkuan, Patna

Who was the ruler of Magadh contemporary to Buddha?
Bimbisara of Haryanka dynasty.

Which ruler of Mauryan dynasty became Jain by faith?
Chandragupta Maurya became Jain by faith after renouncing the throne.  In the last years of his reign he took Jaineshwari Diksha from Shrutakevali Bhadrabahu to be a Muni. So he abdicated his throne and with the sangha he had gone to spend his last days at Shravanabelagola, a famous religious site in south India, where he fasted to death.

Who were sent from Pataliputra to establish Buddhism in Ceylon(Sri Lanka)?
Ashoka sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to establish Buddhism in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

Indian National Calendar is known as?
Saka Samvat(Saka era), started in 78 A.D. by Kushana ruler, Kanishka.

	Month (Sanskrit)	Length	Start date (Gregorian)	Tropical zodiac	Tropical zodiac (Sanskrit)
1	Chaitra	30/31	March 22/ March 21	Aries	Meṣa
2	Vaishākha	31	April 21	Taurus	Vṛṣabha
3	Jyēshtha	31	May 22	Gemini	Mithuna
4	Āshādha	31	June 22	Cancer	Karkata
5	Shrāvana	31	July 23	Leo	Siṃha
6	Bhaadra	31	August 23	Virgo	Kanyā
7	Āshwin	30	September 23	Libra	Tulā
8	Kārtika	30	October 23	Scorpio	Vṛścik‌‌‌a
9	Agrahayana	30	November 22	Sagitarius	Dhanur
10	Pausha	30	December 22	Capricorn	Makara
11	Māgha	30	January 21	Aquarius	Kumbha
12	Phalguna	30	February 20	Pisces	Mīna

In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21 instead. The months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time.

Years are counted in the Saka Era, which starts its year 0 in the year 78 of the Common Era. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year - if the result is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar(Western Calendar), then the Saka year is a leap year as well. Its structure is like the Persian calendar.

During Bimbisara era, the capital of Magadha was?

Rajagriha / Rajagir.

Pataliputra is located between the confluence of which rivers?

The Ganga and the Son river.

Chronological order of dynasty that had ruled Magadh?

Haryanka, Shisunga, Nanda, Maurya, Shunga and Kanva.

Which Buddhist scholar of Pataliputra was patron by Kanishka?

Ashvaghosa who has composed Buddhacharita.

Fa-hien has visited Nalanda University during the reign of?

Chandragupta Vikramaditya(Chandragupta II).

Maner is famous for?

Maner lies 24 km west of Patna the capital of Bihar.The town has tombs of Sufi saints Makhdoom Yahya Maneri and Makhdoom Shah Daulat, known as Bari Dargah (the great shrine) and Chhoti Dargah (the small shrine) respectively.

Maner is also famous for centre of Sufism.

Panini who is known for his Sanskrit grammar, particularly for his formulation of the 3,996 rules of Sanskrit morphology, syntax and semantics in the grammar known as Ashtadhyayi, was also lived in Maner.

Who has constructed Golghar?

Golghar is a granary built by Captain John Garstin, in 1786.

Who has established 'Pathar ki Masjid' in Patna?

The Pathar Ki Masjid stands on the bank of river Ganges near the Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb.Parvez Shah, son of Jahangir, established Pathar Ki Masjid in 1621.The structure is built of stone, and so it got its name as Pathar Ki Masjid.

Cremation spot(samadhi asthal) of Dr. Rajendra prasad?

Mahaprayan Ghat (Bans Ghat) in Patna.

Who was appointed subedar of Bihar by Jahangir in 1702?

Prince Ajim, grand-son of jahangir was appointed subedar of Bihar by Jahangir. He later converted the name of Patna to Ajimabad.

Where is the birth-place of Guru Gobind Singh Ji?

Patna is the birth-place of tenth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh.

The Gurdwara at Patna Sahib(Takht Sri Patna Sahib) was in remembrance of the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, who was born on 22 December 1666. He was son of ninth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Teg Bahadur. Like many historical Gurdwara's in India and Pakistan, this Gurdwara too, was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, on the banks of the Ganges River, in Patna, Bihar.

Where is the tomb of Sher Shah Suri?

The tomb of Sher shah is in Sasaram, Rohtas.

 The tomb was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal Empire and founded the Suri Empire in northern India. He died in an accidental gunpowder explosion in the fort of Kalinjar on 13 May 1545 AD.

His tomb is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture. It was designed by the architect Aliwal Khan and built between 1540 and 1545, this red sandstone mausoleum (122 ft high), which stands in the middle of an artificial lake, which is nearly square, is known as the second Taj Mahal of India. The tomb stands at the centre of the lake on a square stone plinth with domed kiosks, chhatris at each of its corners.

The main tomb is built on octagonal plan.

The tomb was built during the reign of his son Islam Shah. An inscription dates its completion to August 16, 1545, three months after the death of Sher Shah.

Which Mughal ruler was coronated in Patna,Bihar?

Farrukhsiyar

Who was the editor and founder members of 'Bihar Times'?

Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha, Mahesh Narayan, Nandkishore Lal and Krishna Sahai have started editing 'Bihar Times' from patna in 1894. The editor of this newspaper was Mahesh Narayan. 'Bihar Times' has firstly raised the issue for separation of Bihar from Bengal. The demand for separation was put by Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha and Mahesh Narayan in 1906.

Who was the leader from Bihar in the revolt of 1857?

Babu Veer Kunwar Singh (1777–1858), one of the leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 belonged to a royal Ujjaini house of Jagdispur, currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar state, India. At the age of 80 years, during India’s First War of Independence (1857), he actively led a select band of armed soldiers against the troops under the command of the British East India Company. After the death of Kunwar Singh, Amar Singh has continued revolt against Britishers in Bihar.

Who has formed the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha?

Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in 1929.

The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati who had formed in 1929 the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in order to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights, and thus sparking the Farmers' movement in India.

In the 1930s the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha launched a number of movements. The main theme of Bihar Kisan Sabha was abolition of zamindari.

All India Kisan Sabha was the name of the peasants front of the undivided Communist Party of India (CPI), an important peasant movement formed by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936.

Who organised Home Rule Movement in Bihar?

Mazharul Haque organised the Home Rule Movement in Bihar and was its President in 1916. Home Rule Movement was organised in every districts of Bihar except Champaran. He actively participated in the Champaran Satyagraha along with fellow eminent nationalists Rajendra Prasad,Anugrah Narayan Sinha and Brajkishore Prasad for which he was sentenced to 3 months imprisonment.

When was Patna Secretariat firing incident took place?

On 11 August, 1942,during Quit India Movement,1942.

On 9 August 1942, Congress leaders were arrested all across the country during Quit India  Movement and put all great leaders of Bihar in jail. On 11 August 1942, mobs of students have tried to furl the national in Patna Secretariat. The District Magistrate of Patna, W.G. Archer has ordered firing on the students. Seven of the students have been killed in the firing. They were Umakant Prasad, Ramanand Singh, Satish Prasad Jha, Jagpati Kumar, Devi prasad Chaudhari, Rajendra Singh and Ramgovind Singh. There is also Martyr's memorial in front of Patna Secretariat to commemorate the sacrifice of seven students.

Bihar SSC - History Of Bihar

History Of Bihar

Ancient Bihar
From which place in Bihar we got evidence of Archaeological sources?
We got Archaeological sources from Munger, Chirand(Saran), Chechar(Vaishali), Sonepur(Gaya), Maner(Patna) in Bihar.

History of Munger; a district of Bihar
Munger is called 'Modgiri' in Mahabharat. Raja Chandra has laid the foundation of Munger. Karnachur mountains is related to Mahabharat and is said that in this place Karna and Bhima had fought.

The present site of the city was apparently comprised within the Kingdom of Anga, with the capital at Champa near Bhagalpur

In modern history Munger again came in to prominence in the year 1762 when Mir Qasim made Munger his capital instead of Murshidabad in Bengal.

Munger is a twin city. The twin city comprises Munger and Jamalpur situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges.

Munger is known for tobacco factory,cigarette factory, gun factory and Jamalpur has railway manufacturing unit.

Munger division has six districts - Munger, Jamui, Khagaria, Lakhisarai, Begusarai and Sheikhpura.

Sita Kund in Daryapur, Munger. It is a place where Maa Sita had given her Agni Pariksha it had hot water spring .

Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary in Munger; it covers an area of around 682 sq. km and consists of a hot water spring, sambar, chital, nilgai, wild boar, tiger and panther.

Which period has not any historical evidences related with Bihar?
Vedic Period.

Whether Bihar has the historical evidences related to the Mauryan and the Gupta periods?
Yes, Bihar has the historical evidence related to the Mauryan and the Gupta period.
Mauryan Period
Lauriya Nandangarh, West Champaran, Bihar; Lauriya-Araraj, Champaran, Bihar ;Rampurva, West Champaran, Bihar and Vaishali, Bihar have the Pillars of Ashoka. Edicts, coins and ruins of the buildings were also found from these places. These all places are related to Mauryan periods 

Pillar Inscriptions - Lauriya Nandangarh, Lauriya-Araraj and Rampurva.
Minor rock Edicts -Chandan Pir mountain in Sasaram, Rohtas
Cave inscriptions - Barabar Caves, Gaya.

The all inscriptions uses Brahmi script in Prakrit language.

Gupta Period
Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire as well as emperors like Harsha and later, the rulers of the Pala Empire(Dharamapala).The Nalanda university was founded around 427 by Kumaragupta I (415-455), son of Chandragupta II.
Srigupta I (270-290 AD) who was perhaps a petty ruler of Magadha (modern Bihar) established Gupta dynasty with Patliputra or Patna as its capital.

Types of historical coins found in India?
Mostly punch marked coins have been found in Bihar. Punch marked coins of bronze has been found in - Lohanipur, Kumhrar and Patna city, Maner, Rajagir, Bodh Gaya, Nalanda, Vaishali, Fatuha, Motihari, Munger, Chirand and Buxar. 
Coins of Raja Bhoja has been found in Nalanda.
Gold coins of Shashank(king of Bengal and contemporary of Harshavardhan) has been found from Nalanda.

Who has excavated Nalanda monastery?
Alexander Cunningham has excavated Nalanda monastery in 1861-62.
Cunningham has also excavated several historical places in Bihar like Bodh Gaya, Rajagir, Lauriya Nandangarh and others.

Which Vedic text has given an account of Videh region in Bihar?
'Shatpath Brahmana' that is associated with Shukla Yajurveda mentioned that a saint named 'Videh Madhav' has established 'Videh' state near the bank of Sadanira (Gandak) river. This state is today known as Bihar.

Where was the first republican state in the world founded?
The first republic state in the world was established by Licchavi kingdom. Licchavi was the powerful kingdom of Buddha's era. The capital city of Licchavi kingdom was Vaishali.

The state of Bihar which was prominent at the time of later Vedic period?
Videh.

16 Mahajanapada that exist in 16 B.C., how many of them exist in present Bihar?
Three of the Mahajanapada have the geographical location in Bihar.
1. Magadha; capital - Rajagriha/Rajagira; present location - Patna, Gaya
2. Anga; capital - Champa; present location - Bhagalpur, Munger.
3. Vajji; capital - Vaishali/Videha/Mithila; present location - Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga.

We got account of 16 Mahajanapada in Buddhist text - Anguttara Nikaya and Jainism text - Bhagavati Sutra.

Who has ruled Magadha after the fall of Kushana?
After the fall of  Kushanas, Magadha was ruled by Licchavis.

Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last tirthankara of Jainism.Mahavira was born in 540 B.C. at Kundigram in Vaishali district.

Which Buddhist Councils held in Bihar?
Three out of the four Buddhist Councils held in Bihar.
1. 1st Buddhist Council - 483 B.C. - held in Rajagriha - patron by Ajatashatru of Harayanaka Dynasty - Compilation of Sutta-Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka by Ananda and Upail respectively.
2. 2nd Buddhist Council - 383 B.C. - held in Vaishali - patron by Kalashoka of Shisunga Dynasty
3. 3rd Buddhist Council - 250 B.C. - held in Pataliputra - patron by Ashoka of Mauryan Dynasty - Compilation of Abhidhamma Pitaka.
4. 4th Buddhist Council - 98 A.D. - held in Kundalavana, Kashmir - Chairman - Vasumitra and Vice-Chairman - Ashvaghosa, patron by Kanishka of Kushana Dynasty - the division of Buddhist into Hinayans and Mahayans.

Bihar SSC - Polity Of Bihar

State Executive

The number of Lok Sabha seats in Bihar?
40

The number of Rajya Sabha seats in Bihar?
16

By Which article Governor reserves the Bill for the consideration of the President?
According to article 200; When a Bill has been passed by the Legislative Assembly of a State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, has been passed by both Houses of the Legislature of the State, it shall be presented to the Governor and the Governor shall declare either that he assents to the Bill or that he withholds assent there from or that he reserves the Bill for the consideration of the President.

Qualification for Governor of Bihar or any state of India?
1. He should be a citizen of India.
2. He should be at least 35 years old.
3. He should not be a member of the either house of the parliament or house of the state           legislature.
4. He should not hold any other office of profit.

Who was the first woman to become governor?
Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to become governor of Uttar Pradesh.

Who appoints Chief Minister?
The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor.

Who appoints Advocate-General of the State?
The Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed a Judge of a High Court to be Advocate-General for the State.

Who is the first woman Chief Minster of Bihar?
Rabri Devi

Who is the first Chief Minster of Bihar?
Shri Krishna Singh

Who is the first Deputy Chief Minster of Bihar?
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha

Who is the first Governor of Bihar in independent India?
Jairamdas Daulatram

Who is the first Governor of Bihar?
Sir James Sifton

When was the first President's rule imposed on Bihar?
On 29 June 1968, first President's rule was imposed on Bihar which was repealed on 26th February, 1969. 

Which article has provision for President's rule?
Article 356 of the Indian Constitution deals with President's rule. It is imposed when the re is failure of the constitutional machinery of an Indian state. In the event that government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution, the state comes under the direct control of the central government, with executive authority exercised through the Governor instead of a Council of Ministers headed by an elected Chief Minister accountable to the state legislature. Article 356 is invoked if there has been failure of the constitutional machinery in any state of India. During President's rule, the Governor has the authority to appoint retired civil servants or other administrators, to assist him.

Who audits receipts and expenditure of state governments?
Comptroller and Auditor General of India audits all the receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments including  those of bodies and authorities substantially financed by the government.The CAG is also the external auditor of Government-owned corporations and conducts supplementary audit of government companies, i.e., any non-banking/ non-insurance company in which the state and Union governments have an equity share of at least 51 per cent or subsidiary companies of existing government companies. The reports of the CAG are taken into consideration by the Public Accounts Committees, which are special committees in the Parliament of India and the state legislatures.

State Judiciary

Patna High Court was established on?
3 February, 1916

The salary of the judges of High Court is charged through?
The salaries and allowances of Judges of any High Court is charged through Consolidated Fund of each State. The salary of Chief Justice of High Court is Rs. 90,000.

The age of retirement for judges of the High Court?
65 years.

Total number of High Courts in India?
24

Who is the Chief Justice of Patna High Court?
L. Narasimha Reddy.

A High Court judge address his letter of resignation to?
The President of India.

The Court at the district level in Bihar is?
There is a District Court in every district of Bihar.

Local Self Government

Eligibility for Gram Panchayat?
Members of grampanchayat are elected by villagers for a period of five years. An adult with an age of 21 years and above is eligible for contesting the election and for voting in the same. One of the members is elected as Sarpanch and another Deputy Sarpanch.

When Bihar Panchayati Raj Act enacted in Bihar?
Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 2006 was enacted in 2006 in Bihar. According to the act: 
1. The Gram Panchayat area have population nearly 7,000. 
2. There should be reservation of 50% for the woman in every level of the Panchayati Raj.
3. There should be reservation of 50% for the Scheduled Castes in every level of                       the Panchayati Raj.
4. There shall be a Gram Katchahry in every Gram Panchayat area for the purposes of             discharging the judicial functions imposed upon it.

What is Panchayat Samiti?
Panchayat samiti is a local government body at the tehsil (taluka) level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a Development Block. The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat (village council) and the zila parishad (district board).
There should be a Panchayat Samiti in every Block.

Composition of Panchayat Samiti
A Panchayat Samiti shall consists of -
(a) directly elected members from the Panchayat Samiti’s territorial constituencies, as determined under the Act;
(b) members of Lok Sabha and members of the Legislative Assembly of the State, representing constituencies which fall either wholly or partly in the Panchayat Samiti area;
(c) members of Rajya Sabha and members of the State Legislative Council, who are registered as electors within the Panchayat Samiti area;
(d) All the Mukhiyas of the Gram Panchayats falling within the Panchayat Samiti area.

The elected members of the Panchayat Samiti elect two members from among themselves to be the Pramukh and UpPramukh of the Panchayat Samiti.

The tenure of Panchayat Samiti is of 5 years.

Every member of the Panchayat Samiti shall have the right to vote in its meeting, but in case of election and removal of Pramukh and UpPramukh, only members elected under clause (a) have the right to vote. 

What is Zila Parishad?
The District Council or Zila Parishad or Zilla Parishad, District Panchayat, or Zila Panchayat is the third tier of the Panchayati Raj system. Zila Parishad is an elected body. Chairpersons or Block Pramukh of Block Samitis are also represented in Zila Parishad. The members of the State Legislature and the members of the Parliament of India are members of the Zila Parishad.
Composition of Zila Parishad
 The Zila Parishad shall consist of-
(a) the members directly elected from territorial constituencies in the
district as determined under the Act;
(b) the Pramukhs of all Panchayat Samitis in the District;
(c) such members of the Lok Sabha and the members of the State Legislative Assembly who represent any part which falls wholly or partly within the district and whose constituency falls within the district;
(d) the members of the Rajya Sabha and the members of the State Legislative Council who are registered as electors within the district.

Under the supervision, control and direction of the State Election Commission, the elected members of the Zila Parishad elect two members from amongst them to be Adhayaksha and Up-Adhayaksha.

Every member of the Zila Parishad shall have the right to vote in its meeting, but in case of election and removal of Adhaksha and UpAdhyaksha, only the members elected under clause(a) shall have the right to vote. 

The tenure of Zila Parishad is of 5 years.

Panchayat election that held recently in?
Panchayat election held recently in 2011 and this election was conducted through the Bihar Panchayati Raj Act, 2006.

What is Municipal Corporation(Nagar Nigam)?
Municipal Corporations in India or Mahanagar Palika or Mahanagar Nigam are urban local government that works for the development of a Metropolitan City, which has a population of more than one million.
Each Municipal Corporation has a committee consisting of a Mayor with Councillors. Councillors elect Mayor and deputy Mayor amongst themselves. The tenure of Mayor and deputy Mayor is 1 year.The no. of councillors depend upon the area and population of the city that minimum of 3,00,000. Municipal Corporation members are elected from the several wards of the specific city on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. There are seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes and women. The Councillors are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in the Municipal Corporation.

What is Municipal Council(Nagar Parishad)?
A municipal council is the local government of a municipality.The no. of councillors depend upon the area and population of the city. Councillors elect two people, Municipal Chairperson and Municipal Vice-Chairperson amongst themeselves.

Municipal Corporation(Nagar Nigam) established generally in the area having population strength of?
More than 3 lakhs.

Total number of Municipal Corporations in Bihar?
Bihar has 11 Municipal corporations. They are:
1. Patna
2. Gaya
3. Bhagalpur
4. Muzaffarpur
5. Biharshariff
6. Arrah
7. Darbhanga
8. Begusarai
9. Munger
10. Purnia
11. Katihar

Number of wards in Patna Municipal Corporation
72

Recently election of urban local governments(Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council and Nagar Panchayat) were held in?
2007

The only district where urban local governments election were not held is?
Arawal

The number of Municipal Council in Bihar?
43

Bihar SSC - Polity of Bihar

Polity of Bihar

Number of districts in Bihar ?

There are 39 districts in Bihar, 38 of them are old districts and Bagha is the newly announced district of Bihar.

The districts of Bihar are:

Number of divisions in Bihar?

There are 9 divisions in Bihar.

1.Patna
Headquarters: Patna
Number of Districts  : 6
Names of Districts : Patna, Nalanda, Bhojpur, Rohtas, Buxar and Kaimur.
Population (2011) : 17,662,618

2.Tirhut
Headquarters: Muzaffarpur
Number of Districts  : 6
Names of Districts : West Champaran, East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Sheohar and Vaishali.
Population (2011) : 21,356,045

3.Saran
Headquarters: Chhapra
Number of Districts  : 3
Names of Districts : Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj.
Population (2011) : 9,819,311

4.Darbhanga
Headquarters: Darbhanga
Number of Districts  : 3
Names of Districts : Darbhanga, Madhubani and Samastipur.
Population (2011) : 15,607,164

5.Kosi
Headquarters: Saharsa
Number of Districts  : 3
Names of Districts : Saharsa, Madhepura and Supaul.
Population (2011) : 6,120,117

6.Purnia
Headquarters: Purnia
Number of Districts  : 4
Names of Districts : Purnia, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj.
Population (2011) : 10,838,424

7.Bhagalpur
Headquarters: Bhagalpur
Number of Districts  : 2
Names of Districts : Bhagalpur and Banka
Population (2011) : 5,061,565

8.Munger
Headquarters: Munger
Number of Districts  : 6
Names of Districts : Munger, Jamui, Khagaria, Lakhisarai, Begusarai and Sheikhpura.
Population (2011) : 6,408,375

9.Magadh
Headquarters: Gaya
Number of Districts  : 5
Names of Districts : Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad, Jehanabad and Arwal

Population (2011) : 10,931,018

Number of Sub-division in Bihar?

There are 101 Sub-divisions in Bihar.

Which Part of Indian Constitution deals with the State Administration?

Part - VI of he Indian Constitution.

Which article of Indian Constitution has provision for the establishment of State Legislature?

Article - 168

The number of houses in the State Legislature of Bihar?

There are two houses in the State Legislature of Bihar:

1. Legislative Assembly

2. Legislative Council

The number of states that have Bi-cameral legislature?

There are six states that have bicameral Legislature. They are:

Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jammu & Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.

According to article - 167, if two-third member of Legislative Assembly give assent for the establishment of Legislative Council, then Parliament establish a separate house(Legislative Council) for that State.

The total strength of Legislative Assembly of Bihar?

The total strength of Legislative Assembly of Bihar is 243, out of which 242 are elected by the people of Bihar and one is appointed by the Governor of Bihar.

According to article - 170, the number of members in Legislative Assembly of any State should not be more than 500 members and not less than 60 members.

The qualification to be member of Bihar Legislative Assembly?

1. He should be citizen of India.

2. He should be not less than 25 years of age for Legislative Assembly and not less than 30     years for Legislative Council.

3. No person can become a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council       of any state, unless he himself is a voter from any constituency of the state.

What is the tenure of Bihar Legislative Assembly?

The tenure of all State Legislative Assembly is 5 years. But article - 370 gives special status to Jammu & Kashmir State legislature. The tenure of Legislative Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir is 6 years.

Quorum for Bihar Legislative Assembly?

Quorum for Bihar Legislative Assembly is one-tenth.

Who is the speaker and deputy-speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly?

Speker of Bihar Legislative Assembly - Uday Narain Choudhary

Deputy speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly - Abdul Bari Siddiqui

Who is the Governor of Bihar?

 West Bengal Governor Keshari Nath Tripathi is also the Governor of Bihar.

Who held the Chairmanship for the Joint session of State Legislature?

Unlike the Parliament, there is no provision of joint session for State Legislature mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

Who has the power to establish or dissolve Legislative Council in States?

The Parliament

The Qualification to be member of Bihar Legislative Council?

1. He should be citizen of India.
2. He should be not less than 30 years of age for Legislative Council and not less than 25         years for Legislative Assembly.
3. No person can become a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council       of any state, unless he himself is a voter from any constituency of the state.

Tenure of the members of Bihar Legislative Council?

Like Rajya Sabha, Legislative Council will not be dissolved and is Permanent House. One-third of members of Legislative Council retires in every 2 years.

The number of seats reserved for SC in Bihar Legislative Assembly?

40 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes in Bihar Legislative Assembly.

How are the members of Bihar Legislative Council get elected?

5/6th of the members of the Council is elected indirectly and 1/6th of the members is appointed by the Governor.

1/3 of the total members of the Council is elected by local bodies such as municipalities, district boards, etc.

1/3 is elected by members of the Legislative Assembly from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly.

1/12 is elected by graduates of three years' standing residing in the State.

1/12 is elected by teachers of secondary schools or higher educational institutions.

The number of Lok Sabha seats in Bihar?
40

The number of Rajya Sabha seats in Bihar?
16

General Introduction of Bihar

Nomenclature and Establishment

How Bihar is named as Bihar ?
In 12th Century, Turkish invader Mohammed Gori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan of Ajmer in the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192, and hence established Turkish rule in India. At this time some of the slave Generals of Mohammed Gori moved to the east of India. In the leadership of Bakhtiyar Khilji, muslims entered Bihar for the first time. This era is known as medieval time in the history of India (1200 A.D. - 1750 A.D.). In this era, there were many Buddhist Viharas('Buddhist monastery', referred to "dwellings" or "refuges" used by wandering monks during the rainy season.) in Bihar. Therefore, muslims started calling this geographical area as 'Vihar', which later called as 'Bihar'. 
Historical name of Bihar was Magadh and the historical name of Patna was Patliputra.

Bihar was earlier known as 'Odantpuri'. The name 'Bihar' was firstly find mentioned in the book of Mihnaj-i-Siraj - 'Tabaqat-i-Nasiri'. During the time of ruling of Turk-Afghans, because of its greenery, healthy air and fertile soil, it is called as 'Basant ka Pradesh'(i.e. Land of Spring season) and then this land is called as 'Bihar'.

Because of many Buddhist Vihara(monastery) in this geographical location, it is called as 'Bihar'.

The first muslim ruler who gained control over the area was Mohammed Bin Bhaktiyar Khilji, then the Tughlaq rulers ruled the area.

When Bihar separated from Bengal ?
The announcement of separation of Bihar from Bengal was made in Delhi Darbar in 1911. The official declaration was made on 22 March, 1912. Hence 22 March is observed as 'Bihar Diwas' or 'Bihar Day' every year. Bihar along with Orissa came into existence on 1 April, 1912. Therefore we celebrate 'Bihar Foundation Day' on 1 April every year.

On 12 December 1911, in Delhi Darbar, the proclamation was made to separate Bihar and Orissa provinces from Bengal. On 1 April, 1936, Orissa is separated from Bihar.

The earliest evidences found from which location in Bihar ?
The earliest evidence of Stone Age Civilisation was found from Munger and Nawada in Bihar which were of time between 50-30,00,000 B.C. to 3000 B.C.

The present form of Bihar came into existence in which year?
fIn 1936, Bihar was separated from Orissa. On 15 November, 2000, Bihar was separated from Jharkhand and thus Jharkhand became the 28th State of the nation. Hence, the present form of Bihar was came into existence in 2000.

The geographical area of Bihar was first mentioned in which epic?
'Shatpath Brahmana' that is associated with Shukla Yajurveda mentioned that a saint named 'Videh Madhav' has established 'Videh' state near the bank of Sadanira (Gandak) river. This state is today known as Bihar.

Capital, State Emblems and Languages

Who has established the city of Patna?
From Magadh dynasty to many other historical kingdoms, Patlputra was the capital of Bihar. But in 1541 A.D., the Afghan ruler Shershah Suri has re-established the city and founded Patna; the capital of Bihar

The name Patliputra was given by - Ruler of Harayank dynasty; Udayin 

The name Ajimabad was given by - Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.

The grandest city of the world was - Patliputra.

Patliputra was the capital of which rulers ?
Rulers of Haryank Dynasty, rulers of Mauryan Empire and rulers of Gupta dynasty.

Patna lies between which Rivers?
Patna lies between Ganga, Son and Punpun river. Ganga is in north of Patna, Son is in west of Patna and Punpun is in south of Ganga.

State Emblems of Bihar?
State symbol of Bihar - Bodhi tree.
State Tree of Bihar - Peepal tree (declared in 2013)
State Flower of Bihar - Marigold flower (declared in 2013)
State bird of Bihar - Sparrow(or Goriya) (declared in 2013)
State Animal of Bihar - Ox (declared in 2013)
State Fish of Bihar - Desi Magur (declared in 2008)
State song(Rajya geet) of Bihar - 'Mere bharat ke kanthdhaar, tujhko sat-sat vandan Bihar....' (declared in 2011 and written by Satyanarayan)
State Anthem(Prayer song) of Bihar - 'Meri raftar pe suraj ki kiran naaj kare, aisi parvaaj de maalik ki gagan naaj kare..........' (declared in 2011 and written by M.R. Chisti)
State Game of Bihar - Kabbadi ( In 2011, Kabaddi World Cup was organised in Patna, influenced by which it is declared as state Game of Bihar in 2011.)

Ganga is not state river of Bihar but it is National river of India. In 2008, Ganga is declared as National river of India.


Is Gangetic Dolphin a State Aquatic Animal of Bihar?
No, Gangetic Dolphin is not State Aquatic Animal of Bihar but in 2009, it is declared as State Aquatic Animal of India .
Gangetic Dolphin is called as 'Suns' or 'Sons' in Bihar. The Gangetic dolphins are blind. They have no lens in theirs eye. They found their prey through echo or smell. Dolphin is called as 'Son of RIver'.

Major language of Bihar?
Maithli, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Vajjika and Angika. (Vajji and Anga were Mahajanpadas in Bihar)

Official languages of Bihar?
First official language - Hindi
Second official language - Urdu
English is also used in official works.

Which language of Bihar is listed in 8th schedule of Indian Constitution?
Hindi, Urdu and Maithli.

Georaphical location, Area and Boundaries

Bihar is located between which latitudes?
24°20'10'' North - 27°31'15''

Bihar is located between which longitudes?
83°19'50'' East - 88°17'40'' East

Does Tropic of Cancer passes through Bihar?
Tropic of Cancer passes through Ranchi that is 200 km south of Bihar.

What is the percentage of area Bihar has when compared with undivided Bihar?
54%

Area of Bihar and it is what percent of area of India?
Area of Bihar - 94,163 sq. Km.
Position of Bihar by Area - 13th
Rural area - 92.358.40 sq. Km.(98.5% of total area of Bihar)
Urban area - 1804.60 sq. Km.

States with area greater than Bihar?
State with area greater than Bihar(in descending order):
1.Rajasthan(3,42,239 sq.Km.)
2.Madhya Pradesh(3,08,245 sq. km.)
3.Maharashtra(3,07,713 sq.km.)
4.Uttar Pradesh(2,22,236 sq.km.)
5.Jammu and Kashmir(1,06,024 sq.km.)
6.Gujarat(1,06,024 sq.km.)
7.Karnataka(1,91,791 sq.km.)
8.Andhra Pradeh(1,60,205 sq.km.)
9.Odisha(1,55,707 sq.km.)
10.Chattisgarh(1,35,191 sq.km.)
11.Tamil Nadu(1,30,058 sq.km.)
12.Telangana(114,840)
13.Bihar(94,163 sq.km.)

Largest and smallest districts of Bihar?
Three largest districts of bihar with area in descending order:
West Champaran(5,228 sq.km.)
Gaya(4,976 sq.km.)
East Champaran(3,968 sq.km.)

Three smallest districts of bihar with area in ascending order:
Shivhar(349 sq.km.)
Shekhpura(689 sq.km.)
Lakhisarai(1228 sq.km.)

Administrative units of Bihar?

Administrative Units
	Divisions		9
	Districts		39
	Sub-Divisions		101
	CD Blocks		534
	Panchayats		8,406
	Number of Revenue Villages		45,103
	Number of Urban Agglomerations		14
	Number of Towns		199
	- Statutory Towns		139
	- Non-Statutory Towns		60
	Police Stations		853
	- Civil Police Stations		813
	- Railway Police Stations		40
	Police Districts		43
	- Civil Police District		39
	- Railway Police District		4

International boundary share by Bihar?
India share total of 1752 km with Nepal, out of which, one-fourth is shared by Bihar.
7 districts that share boundary with Nepal are:
West Champaran, East Champaran, Sitamadhi, Madhubani, Supaul, Araria and Kishanganj.

Districts share boundary with Uttar Pradesh?
Eight districts of Bihar share boundary with Uttar Pradesh are:
West Champaran, Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran, Bhojpur, Baxar, Bhabua and Rohtas

Districts share boundary with Jharkhand?
Eight districts of Bihar share boundary with Jharkhand are:
Rohtas, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, Banka, Bhagalpur and Katihar.

Districts share boundary with West Bengal?
Kishanganj and Katihar share boundary with West Bengal.

The districts of Bihar that share inter-state boundary with two states?
Rohtas - Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand.
Katihar - West Bengal and Jharkhand.

 Population of Bihar : Census 2011

Key Statistics - as per 2011 Census (Provisional)
	Population		10,38,04,637
	- Male		5,41,85,347
	- Female		4,96,19,290
	Population (0~6 Years Group)
	- In Absolute Numbers		1,85,82,229
			96,15,280
			89,66,949
	- Percentage of Total Population		17.90%
			17.75%
			18.07%
	Literacy
	- In Absolute Numbers		5,43,90,254
			3,27,11,975
			2,16,78,279
	- Percentage of Total Population		63.82%(India - 74.04%)
			73.39%(India - 82.14%)
			53.33%(India - 65.46%)
	Decadal Population Growth (2001-2011)
	- Absolute		2,08,06,128
	- As Percentage		25.07%(India - 17.6%)
	Highest Decadal Growth at		Madhepura District (30.65%)
	Lowest Decadal Growth at		Gopalganj District (18.83%)
	- Civil Police Stations		813
	- Railway Police Stations		40
	Density of Population		1,102 per sq kms
	- Highest Density		Sheohar, 1882 per sq kms
	- Lowest Density		Kaimur, 488 per sq kms
	Most Populous District		Patna: 57,72,804
	Least Populous District		Sheikhpura: 6,34,927
	Sex Ratio (Females/Thousand Males)		916(India - 940)
	- Highest Ratio		(Gopalganj) 1,015
	- Lowest Ratio		(Munger and Bhagalpur) 879
	Highest Literacy Rate		Rohtas, 75.59%
	Lowest Literacy Rate		Purnia, 52.49%
	Average Population of a District		27,31,701

Universities of Bihar

Patna University - established in 1917.

Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya - established in 1962.

Chanakya National Law College, Patna - 2009

Aryabhatta Knowledge University , Patna

This University is established for the regulation and control of all professional courses like Medical, Engineering, Management and others offered by colleges.

Nalanda International University, Nalanda - 

Re-established - 25 November,2010.

Study session started in - 1 September, 2014

Vikramshila International University, Vikramshila, Bhagalpur - declared in 2014.

Aligarh Muslim University(New Branch), Kishanganj - 2010

It is the branch of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.

Central Universities in Gaya and Motihari.

Thus including these two and Aligarh Muslim University, Bihar have 3 Central Universities.

Patna Medical College and Hospital(PMCH) - 1925

National Institute of Fashion Technology - 2008

Rajendra Agriculture University,Pusa - Samastipur

Khudabaksh Library

The library has the largest collection of persian manuscripts in the country.